The Rise Of Obesity And Obesity Essay - 2014 Words

During 2011-2014, over one-third of adults in America had obesity (Ogden, et al. 1). Politicians and tax researchers have come up with a plan to reduce the prevalence of obesity, by implementing an excise tax on items containing an excessive amount sugars. On average, sugar adds almost two-hundred kilocalories to a person’s diet, and these sugars provide no nutritional value (Brownell, et al. 1599). Type two diabetes and obesity link to consumption of sugary beverages, which is a reason they are a target. There is a debate about how the United States should handle the recent rise in obesity. Some Democratic legislators across the country propose an excise tax on items containing sugar. Opponents of the excise tax believe people will naturally stop drinking sodas because they will become educated about the effects of the sugars over time. In contrast, proponents believe the excise tax is more feasible than waiting for citizens to learn about the effects of a high sugar diet. M oreover, the tax would be beneficial to the obesity epidemic by encouraging consumers to buy the healthier options, decreasing the cost of Medicare and Medicaid, and investing the revenue in programs that are proven to help people with obesity. The excise tax on sugars would be beneficial to reduce obesity, by encouraging the consumer to choose the healthier option. The excise tax would tax the producers of products containing excessive amounts of sugar and should lead to a price increase. If the priceShow MoreRelatedObesity On The Rise Of Obesity1756 Words   |  8 PagesObesity on the Rise Obesity is a fast growing epidemic in America. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009-2010, more than 66 percent of adults are considered overweight, and more than 33 percent are considered obese (Overweight and Obesity Statistics). There are many different factors that cause obesity, including poor nutrition, inactivity, health conditions, heredity, and the environment. Problems that arise due to obesity are costly. Society’s view on meal timeRead MoreEssay on Obesity in America on the Rise1266 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in America Today, 78.1 million American adults and 12.5 million children are obese. Obesity in America is a unstoppable epidemic. Since the 1960s, the number of obese adults have doubled and the number of obese children have tripled. Because of America’s obesity problems, Surgeon General David Satcher issued a report saying; The Surgeon Generals Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight, said that obesity have reached epidemic proportions in America. Obesity in America has noRead MoreObesity Epidemic On The Rise And Something Must Be Done Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesObesity continues to be a problem in the United States. The obesity epidemic on the rise and something must be done to solve this issue. About seventeen percent of children and adolescents about 12.5 million are obese (Diet). An adult with a BMI (body mass index) higher than 30% is considered to be obese (Obesity). There isn’t a direct focus on obesity, because people don’t think it’s an impo rtant issue. To ensure a better future, solution is needed now. The solution to ending the obesity epidemicRead MoreAlarm For Childhood Obesity Is On The Rise Of European Countries Such As Norway Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesAlarm for childhood obesity is on the rise in European countries such as Norway (Andersen et al., 2005; Jà ºlà ­usson et al., 2007). The health concerns for obese or overweight children is particularly troublesome since children who are overweight tend to carry that weight into adulthood. Being an overweight child (and adult) can have a wide range of health concerns, from cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, joint pain, and on a more psychological level they may experience low self-esteem andRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And The Dangers Associated With This Rise1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the recent increase of obesity rates in children and the dangers associated with this rise. The research focused specifically on children who had survived cancer and later developed obesity, causing more complications in their health. This rise of obesity in child cancer survivors has been linked to numerous potential factors causing an increase in the possibility of developing this disease. The potential factors that increase the risk of childhood obesity in cancer survivors include, treatmentRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Obesity In America870 Words   |  4 PagesPrevention defines obesity as having a BMI over 30 (CDC). In the year 2000, roughly 30 percent of 20 year olds in America were obese. By 2003 that number had risen to 32 percent. That is a small window of increase. From the 1970s to the early 2000s, the percent of obese Americans doubled. This means that in 1970, only 15 percent of Americans were obese, and in the thirty years following, obesity took a sharp rise. In 1960, 13 percent of Americans were obese. The mean percent rise per year in the 1960sRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Med ical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents991 Words   |  4 PagesIf current adolescent obesity rates continue, predictions say by 2035 there will be more than 100,000 additional cases of heart disease linked to obesity (Collins 1). Childhood obesity has become more of an epidemic over the last few years. Although there are debates of childhood obesity being a problem, several factors contribute to childhood obesity such as parental feeding styles and fast food, nonetheless, which can all be prevented. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affectsRead MoreObesity : A Growing Problem1658 Words   |  7 Pages ​​​​​ Obesity ​​​​​ JoAnne DuBois ​​​​ Pima Medical Institute Abstract Obesity continues to be a growing problem in the U.S. with diet and lifestyle as two major contributors. Americans are becoming less active and eating more unhealthy foods that are easily accessible. Diet and lifestyle seems to be the more obvious causes for obesity, but there are many different factors that play a role in the continuing rise of this epidemic. OtherRead MoreObesity in the United States Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in the United States is on the rise and there is no end in sight. Obesity is a health problem that does not discriminate, it effects all ages, genders, and races. There are many factors that can cause an individual to become obese. These factors can include calorie intake, amount of physical activity, genetics, and environment. The rise of obesity in the United States has posed health and financial problems for this country that need to be dealt with. It is said that an obesity epidemicRead MoreEssay On Obesity In New Zealand1275 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurrence in communities of New Zealand is the rise of obesity. This vast increase is evident in Ministry of Health Adult obesity statistics. For example, ten years ago in New Zealand one in three adults - thirty-two percent were obese; clearly displaying the rapid increase in the adult obesity rate from twenty-seven percent in 2006/07 to thirty-two percent in 2015/16 (New Zealand Ministry of Health surveys, 2015/16). An interesting insight is why obesity has increased rapidly? A question that has been

Examination of the Settings in The Signalman, The Man With...

Examination of the Settings in The Signalman, The Man With The Twisted Lip and The Red Room These stories are mysteries and they try to keep the reader gripped until the ending, for example in The Red Room, the reader reads on to see what happens to the man and whether the room is really haunted. The Man With The Twisted Lip also keeps the reader in suspense, as the reader would want to know how the man was missing or whether he was dead and also want to know what happened. In the Signalman, also draws the readers attention, because He seems odd and there is something mysterious about him that the readers would want to find out. For each one, there is a solution at the end because, at the end of†¦show more content†¦He had been involved in a railway accident in 1865, when He was travelling to London by Train when it derailed at high speed, killing 10 peoples and injuring many more and wrote The Signalman a year later. The Man With The Twisted Lip (TMWTTL), written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891, was one of his many Sherlock Holmes tales, which display aspects of life, in this last decade of the Victorias reign the first appearance of the fictional Sherlock Holmes was in 1887, whilst the real- life Jack the Ripper committed his gruesome and notorious murders the following year, in autumn, 1888. Conan Doyle is very precise in describing the location, which was the same dense network of streets in East London, frequented by Jack the Ripper, who was never caught, the Victorians consoled themselves by the thought that few outwitted the brilliant detective Conan Doyles books. The Red Room by H G Wells, was written in 1894. Wells story is the most recent of the three yet; the choices that he made its setting and contents deliberately bestow on it an almost timeless quality. He also even makes clear of how old- fashioned the castle is. Wells did not wish this story to be closely linked with the period in which he wrote it unlike the other two stories, so that he could

Lenovo Leaps into Fortune 500 Club Free Essays

Lenovo has become China’s first non-monopoly private company to be ranked among Fortune Magazine’s top 500 enterprises. Fortune announced Lenovo’s total income to be $16. 788 billion, ranking 499 among the world’s top 500 enterprises. We will write a custom essay sample on Lenovo Leaps into Fortune 500 Club or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lenovo declared that entering the world’s top 500 marked a crucial moment for the company’s rapid growth in the global market, and that Lenovo was very proud of it. â€Å"As a market-based company since its foundation, Lenovo has experienced important periods, establishing its own brand and becoming globalized. Joining the world’s top 500 demonstrates the effectiveness of Lenovo’s strategy, and will be regarded as a milestone in the company’s history,† announced a Lenovo spokesperson, adding that right now the company is making preparations for the Beijing Olympic Games which are coming right up. Many Chinese companies dream of becoming big in the world’s markets, symbolized by a 500 listing. Haier was the first domestic non-monopoly consumer company to get near, coming closest when its income was only $200 million below the world’s 500th company.Another Chinese major, Huawei, has just released its financial report for 2007, according to which the company’s annual income was $12. 5 billion, still some distance from the top 500 list. Companies such as Haier, having developed through brutal competition since the 1990s, are most eager for world status, but these companies do not control core technology and the manufacture of upstream components, and are short of a whole globalized strategy.Their development has slowed in recent years. Midea, another Chinese home appliance maker, aims to increase its annual income to 120 billion yuan by 2010, and perhaps become one of the world’s top 500. For Lenovo, earning a place on the Fortune list has never been a company goal. Chairman Yang Yuanqing said Lenovo values only its own development and its share in the global market, and merely being among the world’s top 500 firms was not of any particular concern.Among domestic home appliance and IT companies, Lenovo has made itself the most likely to reach such heights. Lenovo is China’s most globalized company. In 2004, after having built a strong regional presence, the company in one jump launched into the global market by acquiring IBM’s PC business. During the past four years, Lenovo, which was seen by many at the time as having bitten off too great a chunk, has integrated the business according to its original plan, and broke through during the fiscal year 2007 to 2008. Yang Yuanqing says Lenovo’s acquisition has succeeded, and the company has entered a new stage. Lenovo will accelerate its development this year. In early 2008, it released its new consumer brand, Idea, and promoted it at the global consumers market. The company’s 2009 income is expected to show significant growth. There is still, however, a wide gap between Lenovo and its massive rivals HP and Dell. HP, with the largest share in the global PC market, has as annual income totaling $104. 9 billion, ranking 41 among the world’s top 500 firms. But the PC business contributes only a part of HP’s income, so comparison with Lenovo is not really relevant. Dell, however, is a PC company, with an annual income of $61. 1 billion, and ranks 106 among the top 500, four places down from its 2007 ranking. Taiwan-based Acer, which competes with Lenovo for the world’s third largest PC company, did not make this year’s list. How to cite Lenovo Leaps into Fortune 500 Club, Papers

Law of Contracting Electronically

Question: Discuss about the Law of Contracting Electronically. Answer: Introduction In the world of e-commerce, contracts created electronically have gained immense importance. Communication between people across the globe has become very easy and fast and is no more at the mercy of geographical distances. E contracts have become popular over the past decade due to technological advancement. Therefore contracts created by electronic means have been recognised in the legal parlance as well. A contract which is formed, offered, accepted and finally executed using a software program is termed as an electronic contract. It is very evident that an e contract also has all the essential elements that are there in traditional paper based contract. Any contract entered into should be signed by the contracting parties, thus in the electronic mode of contracting, digital signatures are used for signing the contract which is similar to the traditional paper based method. In a contract created by electronic means there is no existence of paper or other such hard copies. What is offer? Before entering into a valid enforceable contract there has to be an offer made by one party to the other for a consideration and the same should be duly accepted by the offeree within a considerable period of time and communicated in a valid manner. Due to e contracts becoming prevalent more and more in this world of e commerce it is very important to understand what construes an offer. E contracts are either entered via emails or through websites of various business houses. Email communications are clear and very much similar to the other means of contracting but in the context of website communications it is very important to understand the difference between an offer and an invitation to treat An invitation to treat is not termed as a binding contract if the terms mentioned in the websites are accepted. A display on the internet is basically an invitation which is made by the businesses to the visitors who would then make an offer on their own basis the invitation. Once the same is accepted a contract is said to have formed. For example when a person advertises his products to sell on his website, it is construed that he is inviting people to make an offer to him for purchase of goods. When the buyers make an offer to the seller for the purchase of goods displayed on the websites after accepting the terms and conditions mentioned and the price at which the goods are displayed to be sold and the same is accepted by the seller, only then a valid contract is said to have been entered into. Therefore it is well said that displays on the internet websites do not construe a valid contract until and unless the buyers make an offer to buy the products and the services displayed. H owever there have been arguments in this regards wherein display of goods and services on a website may be called as a ready offer by the seller to a host of buyers and it all depends whether a website is an interactive one or a non-interactive one. For any contract to be enforceable by law it has to be accepted by the offeree with regards the terms and conditions and the consideration. Once the same is done it is construed that an acceptance has been done of the offer made by the offeror. An offer and acceptance in a contract entered by electronic means takes place in a manner which is similar to the other means of contract with slight deviations. What is acceptance? An e contract is entered into by two methods one is through internet websites of various business houses and secondly is via communication of an offer by one party to the other through an email. Thus when any business organization displays goods and services on their websites for sale with a price marked then it is said to be construed as a mere invitation. However once the buyer shows interest in buying a product or service after accepting the terms and the payment, the said invitation gets converted into an offer. Once the offer is accepted by the seller it is said that a legally enforceable contract has been entered into. However in case of an offer made by an email, the question arises as to at which point of the transaction can it be said that an offer has been accepted and duly communicated as well. For the same a new section 13A has been inserted in the Electronic Transaction Act 2002 which specifies that an acceptance of an offer made by electronic means is said to have been communicated to the offeror at a time as mentioned in Section 11. Thus as per Section 11, an electronic communication is said to have been received when the receiver has designated a specific information system for the receipt of messages. Hence the time when the message enters the system specified and if any such specification is not made then the time when the communication is attended by the receiver. Therefore an offer is said to have been accepted by the offeree in an e contract once the acceptance communication i.e. email from the offeree enters the designated information system of the offeror. Comparison Between E Contract and Traditional Contract Even though entering into a contract by electronic means is increasing with the advancement in technology yet there are some differences with the traditional method of contracting. The later clearly defines the time and place of entering into a contract and thus enables ease in application of jurisdiction in case of disputes. But the same is difficult in case of an e contract where the contracting parties do not come face to face and thus makes it difficult for the contracting parties to abide by any particular law. The second important difference between the two modes of contracting is enforceability. Enforceability of a click-wrap agreement is easy to establish as compared to the browse-wrap agreement. The same was proved in the case of Hotmail Corporation v Van$ Money Pie Inc. where the court found that a click-wrap agreement is an enforceable one. However in the traditional method of contracting, all contracts are legally enforceable in the court of law. Thirdly the time duration for acceptance of an offer in an electronic mode of contracting is very short until otherwise mentioned. The time for acceptance of an offer in case of a traditional method of contracting is more simply because of the speed at which the communication takes place in the former method. Therefore it is construed that even though online contracts are increasing day in and day out yet the complexity attached to it deters many from accepting the said mode. Withdrawal of Mistake In an E Offer When a mistake has been made while entering into a contract by any one or both the parties to the contract, there are some rules and principles applicable irrespective of the mode of contract- paper based or electronic. As per the Australian Law, the legal issues for such mistakes are similar for both the means of contract as stated by Electronic Transaction (Queenland) Act 2001 and Commonwealth Electronic transactions Act 1999. In an e contract an offer can be withdrawn only upon due receipt of the communication of such withdrawn by the receiving party. A mistaken offer can be withdrawn only by the offeror as it is he who has made a wrong offer basis which a contract is being executed. However the concept of Caveat Emptor applied to mistakes in an offer made in e contracts also wherein the offeree should be made aware of the same before such withdrawal is made as the wrong can be rectified after mutual deliberations and the offer can be revised. For example while selling products online if the e retailer quotes incorrect prices by mistake of a product which is duly accepted by the buyer and his order is also confirmed by the seller via an automated email and the seller realises later that the price quoted is incorrect then the question arises whether the party can withdraw a mistaken offer. As per the case decided by the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt Main in the year 2002, a mistaken offer made by the vendor in an electronic contract could not be retrieved by the seller due to an automated mail generated of acceptance of the offer the court allowed the offeror to void the acceptance. However an opposite decision was spelt out in the year 2003 by the Regional Court of Cologne in a similar case wherein it stated that since the sales person accepted the offer by sending an automated mail without reviewing the offer, hence the seller would have the right to void the acceptance of a mistaken offer. However if it would have b een an invitation to treat then the same is possible to be withdrawn by the offeror. Therefore it is still a debatable topic whether a mistaken offer made by electronic mode is voidable or not. Resolution of Disputes In E Contracts To enable smooth functioning of contracts entered into by electronic means, the Australian Law has devised legal assistance for the parties to the contract for the resolution of disputes that may arise. The Australian Contract Law has been derived by the famous English Law wherein the contracting parties have the freedom to enter into a contract after due negotiations. The electronic contracts are regulated by the Federal, State and the Territory Electronic Transactions Acts and these are formed basis the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. The Electronic Transactions Act 1999 has a code of conduct which specifies the procedures for resolution of disputes for contracts entered into via electronic means. Australia is a signatory to the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. The said convention has set out certain rules applicable uniformly to the countries who are a part of this convention with regards sale of goods internationally. However adherence to the said conventions rules is not a necessity. The parties to the contract can chose the laws applicable to the country of one of the parties to the contract as well. Issues Concerning E Contracts The concept of contracting via electronic means is fast, paper-less and convenient yet there exist various issues and problems regarding the same. First and foremost is confidentiality of terms of contract. The hackers and the malwares have led to vulnerability of the confidentiality of businesses. Thus security is an issue especially with regards digital signatures. If a digital signature is hacked then it may lead to entering into unacceptable contracts by hackers thus leading to huge losses. Therefore the issue of ethics is yet to be addressed. Further to this another concern with regards digital signature is that the accuracy of the same cannot be verified to its hundred percent. Second issue is that the words used in an offer made through electronic means can be misleading. Due to the same, there is difficulty in understanding which law would be applicable for resolution of disputes. As the contracting parties generally communicate via exchange of mails, also the intent of the contracting parties is not understood as the persons are not face to face. Thirdly, it is very difficult to get assurance with regards the fact that the parties contracting are legally bound to enter into a contract and there may be situations where the person contracting may be a fraud or incapable to enter into a contract. Conclusion Thus on a concluding note it is clear that the increasing technological advancement has led to a shift in the method of entering into contracts from the paper based method to the electronic means yet the same is coupled with varying issues which needs to be addressed before the same can be applied by all the firms private as well as government institutions. The law also requires refinement and inclusion of sections dealing in various types of issues in the present Electronic transactions Act prevalent. Although the same is comprehensive in nature but is yet to be exhaustive. Security issues are still a big problem specially in case of contracts which needs to be accepted only after due signature by the offeree. The concept of digital signature is very good in the wake of globalization but the threats attached to it deters the business firms from using such a technology. Adequate ethical code of conduct and penal provisions should be spelt out so that globalization in business can inc rease. References: Are sellers Bound by Mistakes in Online Advertisements, Wilmerhale (Online), 30 June 2003 https://www.wilmerhale.com/pages/publicationsandnewsdetail.aspx?NewsPubId=91329 Argy, Philip and Martin, Nicholas, The effective formation of contracts by electronic means, Computer and Law (online), 30 July 2001, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ANZCompuLawJl/2001/33.pdf Delaney, Hayden, and Francis, Briar, Electronic Signatures and their Legal validity in Australia Find Law Australia (online), https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5777/electronic-signatures-and-their-legal-validity-in-.aspx Donnie, L. Kidd Jr and William H. Daughtrey, Jr., Adapting Contract Law to Accommodate Electronic Contracts: Overview and Suggestions, (2000), Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal 215 Hotmail Corporation v. Van$ Money Pie Inc., 47 U.S.P.Q. 2d 1020, 1998 WL 388389 (April 1998, N.D.Cal.) O Hance, Business and Law on the Internet, McGraw Hill: Best of Editions 1996. Plimpton. Laura, The Law of Contracting Electronically, Entrepreneur (online), 29 January 2008, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/189660.

University Museum Case Analysis free essay sample

After the founders death, the university handed Off the position to amateur enthusiast Miss Kirkwood. Miss Kolkhoz cataloged the collections and pursued new gifts. (82)The museum was remodeled to include an auditorium, library, and classrooms. September 1981 directorship is passed on. The Nevus director attempts to make the museum a community resource, but it becomes too popular. (82) Classes and exhibitions lose interest with the students, and the PDP. D. Is let go after three years of service. II. Statement of the Problem The universitys problems spur from their lack of management and authority.The museum is not flourishing with the school as well as it has in the past, and the direction of the university is being questioned. Ill. Causes of the problem The museum gained notoriety during its use as an academic resource, but the later director wanted it to be a community resource. The building was designed by Miss Kirkwood to aid academia in their pursuit of knowledge; therefore, it failed to support the university and the public. We will write a custom essay sample on University Museum Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The museum expects to hire a director and allow them to mold the museum in any way they see fit.The university needs to identify the direction they want the museum to head in and create guidelines for a director to fallow. IV. Possible Solutions possible solutions for the museum include: forming a more cohesive board to decide the future direction of the museum, hire new manager who can get the job done, or allow the students to decide the future of the establishment. The current art history board is made up of staff who have built up a snobby and stubborn attitude, and without cohesion they will never agree.Hiring a new director is a possible solution but the university must form guidelines to aid the manager. The students having a voice in the situation is a great decision or a horrible decision depending on their involvement and understanding. V. Solution and Its Implementation To properly organize and manage the museum, an intelligent and modest group of enthusiast must decide direction of the establishment. The stubbornness built up by the current staff is disabling any productive movement.Once the group is formed they will brainstorm the future of the aerogram and find balance between the public and exclusive. The decision and agreement will then trigger the search for possible management directors whom aligns with the university goals. VI. Justification Implementing the board will work because it contains the same passion and elements which brought the museum to its present glory. Miss Kirkwood intended for the museum to be a resource but maintain its position as a part of the university. With the help of bright minds and focus, the museum should be able to realign with the goals of the past.

Poverty throughout the United States Essays

Poverty throughout the United States Essays Poverty throughout the United States Essay Poverty throughout the United States Essay The culture of poverty thesis maintains that the poor are largely responsible for their own poverty. Others, however, argue that this attitude essentially blames the victim and that poverty is cause by society’s unequal distribution of wealth. This paper takes the stand that poverty is condition brought about by the unequal opportunities and distribution of wealth. There are many measures employed in the United States to prevent, alleviate or cure poverty and to maintain adequate incomes for certain sectors of the population. Being one of the superpower in the world, it is difficult to imagine that extreme poverty still exists in this country. For indeed, how can a nation so wealthy still have citizens who are less fortunate. There comes a time when world do get a glimpse of the real condition of poverty as a fact of life in the United States. Defining Poverty Poverty may be defined in absolute or relative terms. An absolute definition defines a minimal level of well-being in nutrition, shelter, clothing, health and many more and then determines what income is sufficient to maintain this level, taking into account family size and other factors. To start off, one sees that for the huge majority of Americans, the days of high quality jobs with decent wages, security, and full health and retirement benefits are a thing of the past. This is especially true of people who had little or no education and are therefore barred from great companies. As for cashing in on the success of companies like Microsoft, or becoming a venture capitalist, to make money more quickly, as James Fallows in The Invisible Poor notes many Americans to have done, even the smallest business entails ample capital, not to mention financial risk, which people like Tanya could not afford to take. Hence the solution is more suitable for middle class people with money to spare (Fallows). Given that the situation is characterized by the need for jobs with a salary that would cover, at the very least, the basic needs of a family, it seems plausible that the best solution is to promote economic growth. According to Charles Clark in Ending Poverty in America: The First Step, the rationale for â€Å"making the economic pie larger† is so all can have more, that is, to minimize scarcity (not enough to go around) that results in income inequality and poverty. This solution not only prevents a class warfare, but also benefits the business sector, eventually leading to a â€Å"trickle down effect† that benefits the workers. Clark made this solution more specific by advocating what he called a â€Å"basic salary system,† that would provide a decent minimum income floor to ensure â€Å"economic security for the poor so they can seek further education (and to concentrate on education without oppressive work requirements) and training to try different market strategies. † (Clark, 2004). An article entitled Meritocracy in America which appeared in The Economist tackles a similar issue- this time focusing on educational inequalities- and shows evidence that social mobility, i. e. people climbing the income brackets, has declined since the 1970s. Among the cited studies is the one conducted by two economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston who found â€Å"that 40% of families remained stuck in the same income bracket in the 1990s, compared with 37% of families in the 1980s and 36% in the 1970s. (Meritocracy in America, 2004). The article goes on to explain how the educational system has become increasingly stratified by social class, with â€Å"three-quarters of the students at the country’s top 146 colleges [coming] from the richest socio-economic fourth, compared with just 3% from the poorest fourth (the median family income at Harvard, for example, is $150,000). † Elite universities further disadvantage the poor through policies like â€Å"affirmative action† and â€Å"legacy preferences. The first is designed to help members of racial minorities regardless of social status, and the second is a program that makes admittance easier for children of alumni, e. g. in most Ivy League institutions, â€Å"legacies† make up between 10% and 15% of every class (Meritocracy in America, 2004). The persistence of poverty reflects a complex conjunction of factors. First demographic trends swelled the ranks of the elderly, of female-headed households, and of job-seekers. Because these groups tend to be at the low end of employability, poverty rates went up. Thus, the situation results in the poor remaining poor and the rich becoming richer than ever. People who come from poor families have even less chance of being accepted into schools that hold the key to the best jobs. In the end, their options become limited to either attending second-rate schools promising second-rate jobs, or dropping out of school altogether to get blue-collar jobs. Although the main federal program supporting poorer students, the Pell grant, largely go to poor families with incomes below $41,000, Meritocracy in America reveals that â€Å"the federal government has been shifting resources from Pell grants to other forms of aid to higher education,† such as student loans and federal tax breaks that benefit both the rich and the poor. The article further questions the motivation of many colleges for giving student loans, pointing out that financial aid is being increasingly used to attract the best students away from competitors rather than to help the poor as it should (Meritocracy in America, 2004). Policy Evaluation: Economic Realities and Critical Ideological Viewpoints Because of the radical differences in their perspectives on poverty and its causes, critics of various ideological stripes have different evaluations of income support programs. There is little agreement on their impacts and outcomes. Conservatives, given their belief that poverty is the fault of the poor and of misguided welfare spending generally evaluate public programs negatively. They focus on the high cost of programs, on disincentives to work, and on the advantages of private or state programs over federal policies. Conclusions The paper concludes that there are solutions available to eliminate poverty such as a establishing a basic income system and reforming the education system to allow easier access for poor children. However, the government, schools and concerned wealthy people can only do so much. Poor people cannot go on laying the blame for being poor on other people and should start to take responsibility for their own destiny. While it is true that being born into a poor family is often large enough an obstacle to financial freedom, at the same time, having children out of wedlock, taking illegal drugs, being an alcoholic are not the types of choices that pave the way to success. It is not enough to think of the poor as hapless victims of an oppressive class structure, but to analyze their active role in their own oppression. Only through an objective understanding of the reasons why poor people remain poor for the rest of their lives can these people learn how to finally break free from the shackles that bind them. Public assistance programs come in two forms, cash assistance and in-kind assistance. Cash assistance is imply, cash assistance and in-kind assistance. Cash assistance is simply a -transfer of income from a government agency to an individual. The United States has been consistently last in establishing welfare aid income support programs, and its funding of them remains at a level well below that of most other developed nations, in which social insurance and public assistance benefits come close to ensuring current average living standards. References www.usbig.net/papers/080-Clark-EndingPoverty.doc economist.com/world/na/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3518560

Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Reporting - Essay Example Also, there is the problem that no one individual or corporation has full ownership of the earth, so it would be very difficult to account for. Even if some accountants did factor use of the earth into the accounts, there would likely be many more that would not do this. Accountants do have the expertise required because they understand how assets depreciate and also how to balance the economic equation of assets equals liabilities plus equity. If such a system was put in place to allow accountants to value the earth, then it may be possible to do. The major problem is trying to get everyone to agree on what should be accounted for. The accounting profession is suited perfectly to control such measurement functions but the problem is deciding on what those functions are. Because they are many things that cannot be measured, it is very difficult for accountants to include such functions on the balance sheet. The difference between accounting for financial and physical objects is that one type can be measured on a scale while the other is more ambiguous. Financial objects have value because we give values that can be assigned to specific objects. For example, for an investment that loses money, it is easy to track that flow because we can compare the end result with the start value. The difficulty with accounting for physical objects is that often there is no ways to place value on them and also it may be hard to find a starting value in some instances. Activity 2 In this cartoon, the difference between the two companies could not be more remarkable. While Company A has three legs on its chair (social, financial, and environmental), Company B only has only leg (financial). This illustration shows perfectly why companies must be well-balanced when it comes to business operations. Company A understands that in order to be successful in the business world, there is more goals than just simply making a profit. I think that it is important to note that in this picture the financial leg of the chair is the middle one. In other words, it is the cornerstone of the company or the part that is the basis for everything else. The other two legs, social and environmental, provide solid support to the company, which is obviously very successful from a financial point of view. While success may be put down only to the financials, it cannot be understated the value of having good social and environmental responsibility for a firm. These measures often can't be valued, so it is difficult to try and judge success. I feel that it is also important to mention that the chair would not likely stand without the financial leg. All three legs are needed to support the chair, and this shows that companies must concentrate on many different facets of business in order to be successful over the long run. Company B only has one led, financial, and as a result the company is having difficulty maintaining balance. Although this leg is important for making the chair stand , there are no other supports. Company B has placed all of its eggs in the financial basket and has paid the price for doing so. By neglecting other aspects of business, such as social and environmental, the company is taking a huge risk. While it may be able to stay balanced initially, it is inevitable that the chair will take a fall because the company has focused all of its efforts on simple money making.

Procurement Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Procurement Policy - Case Study Example rights to a startup company's new drugs which was later turned into a new corporation worth $500 million a year. The end result of this engagement was that Merck sold 50 percent of its shares in the new corporation to Astra (Ghauri, 2001, p. 40). In so doing, consumers are able to acquire life-saving and life-altering pharmaceuticals in a timely manner. At the heart of this alliance is the notion that in order to effectively and efficiently manage a business such as Merck, there is a need for strategic supply management. In recent years Merck has embodied a strong shift from a predominantly domestic supply management strategy to one which has entailed global management strategies. This strategy operates under the assumption that procurement policy is central to the success of the company. This strategy can be characterized by two main elements: Arnold (1989) illustrated one of the most concise conceptualizations of the global supply management strategies utilized by Merck by delineating four very distinct procurement policy development stages. These stages are as follows: 1. The Traditional Procurement Policy. In this phase, the scope of the procurement policy is narrowly define and limited to domestic sources. ... One important characteristic of this phase is the understanding that there is no attempt to link the procurement strategy with the other components of the business process. Essentially, the traditional procurement process is somewhat haphazard and does not represent any long-term business strategy (Rai & Eisenberg, 2003). 2. International Purchasing. The second phase of the procurement policy is one which expands the supply sources to non-domestic sources. The underlying intent of this phase is to reduce the production cost by acquiring the necessary materials at a lower cost. During this phase, there is a systematic exploration of foreign sources with the aim of realizing a price advantage over its competitors by purchasing the raw materials at a lower cost without adversely affecting the quality of goods, the level of service provided to consumers and the delivery as well as the availability of goods. An example of this can be seen in the very presence of Merck in Japan. This can be both positive and negative with the positive implications very evident and a negative implication whereby there is limited American investment within the Japanese economy. Essentially, Merck's presence in Japan is solely for the purposes of acquiring materials at a low cost and exporting those materials for economic gain within the United States (Chen & Drysdale, 1995, pp. 141-142). 3. Strategic Procurement Policy. During this phase, the procurement policy of the organization becomes an integral part of its overall business strategy. It is utilized as a means of gaining a significant advantage over its competitors. One important component can be seen in the fact that global sourcing is exploited in such a manner as to improve the

A Website Usability Test Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Website Usability Test - Coursework Example The most accepted and recognized methodology of identifying important usability issues with the end user remains usability testing with actual representatives. It is possible to evaluate how users respond when they try common responsibilities on the company site and site using face-to-face test session moderated using the purpose built usability testing stations (Ward, Shadle, and Mofield, 2008, p. 70). All through, the observer can supervise the usability session in other rooms that remain comfortable and serving as the observation centre. The portable usability testing kit allows people to carry out usability testing in their offices. It also includes field testing where the supervisor views users in action that remains the natural habitat and remote testing to widen the reach. Among many others benefits of usability testing include increasing the conversion rates of online conversion. In this case, using the example would be a banking client hiking submissions of loan application forms by fourteen percent from thirty-five percent in a period not exceeding one-and-a-half months. Secondly, usability testing supports online migration. Scholars would point at a tolling company reducing calls to its call centre by more than sixteen percent following successful implementation of various recommendations from the company. Usability testing plays part in increasing employee productivity. A company would for instance, increase work completion rate by employees from forty-eight percent to around.

Cyber Crimes and Cyber Security

Cyber Crimes and Cyber Security Jackalynn E. Sellers Abstract Cyber related crimes are increasing at a rapid rate across the world. Hacking and viruses are used to steal important personal information. Understanding cyber-crime is essential to understand how criminals are using the Internet to commit various crimes and what can be done to prevent these crimes from happening. This paper will cover different cyber-crimes and information on what the average Internet user can do to protect themselves from falling victim to cyber-crimes. Keywords: Cyber Security, Cyber Crime The Internet is a place saturated with information and over the years, information has become more easily accessible than ever before. How much information that is chosen to be shared on the Internet should be carefully considered. A simple post to any social media site could give out more personal information than originally intended. Cyber security is a priority with the growing use and ease of access of the Internet. If an internet user is not careful about the information given over to cyberspace, the users identity could easily be stolen or their finances drained. Cyber security is important not just to the government but also to the average user. Cyber Crime To understand why cyber security is needed and important, an understanding of cybercrime is required. Cybercrime is any illicit activity that is performed on the Internet or any network-based device. These crimes include identity theft, viruses, cyber stalking, and phishing. Identity Theft Identity theft occurs when a hacker steals information from personal accounts such as banking information, social security numbers, and addresses. The hacker will then use this information to create accounts in the victims name. Being aware of encrypted websites and having adequate measures of protection when imputing this information into websites is essential to even the less-than average user of internet. Viruses Computer viruses are pieces of code that are usually attached to downloadable files. When the file is running the code of the virus activates and proceeds to spread throughout computer files. These viruses infect vital information and can lead to deletion or corruption of important system files. Some viruses will also allow personal information and files to be accessed by another user. Cyber Stalking Cyber stalking is a crime that occurs when a person is being harassed by another person in an online setting. The victim is often bombarded with messages not just to themselves, but also to family members or friends. Threats are often received by the victim as a tactic to get the victim to reply. Often the victim will suffer from anxiety and fear. Phishing Phishing is a crime where electronic mail is sent to the victim that mimics banking institutions or other financial or personal information accounts. The victim, if not careful, will enter their personal information on a site that mimics very closely the website used for personal information. It is important for a potential victim to be aware of email addresses associated with bank accounts and other sites that may contain personal information. Conclusion The increase on cyber-attacks all over the world is pressing the need for updated cyber security. The United States created the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) in 1988 after a wide-spread break in of the Internet. The CERT has no authority to arrest or prosecute hackers but it does provide constant security of international information on the Internet. Interpol has also set up the I-24/7 communication system for internet-based policing to report any crimes found. Altogether, the average user of the Internet can protect themselves from cyber-crimes by being aware of what information is being put on the Internet and being aware that the information can be seen at any time by any person in the world. There are departments of security in place for the more serious cyber-crimes and reports can be made to these departments of any cyber-attacks. Advances are constantly being made to police the Internet and cyberspace. References Goutam, R. K. (2015). Importance of Cyber Security. International Journal of Computer Applications, 111(7) doi:10.5120/19550-1250 Williams, B. K. Sawyer, S. C. (2015) Using Information Technology. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Education  

Making a Living & Building a Life: Ranchwomen in Early Arizona History :: Essays Papers

Making a Living & Building a Life: Ranchwomen in Early Arizona History In the early days of Arizona, ranchwomen played vital roles as business partners, wives, mothers, nurses, teachers, etc. Many of their stories reveal how women often were married into the cattle industry. The lives of many of these early women begin to be told by connecting them with their husbands. However, it is obvious that these women were not just â€Å"the wives of so and so.† Instead, the women actively participated in the development and worked to put all of their effort into helping their husbands’ business succeed. This led to a flourishing of a group of highly skilled, adaptable, and socially aware women. The commonly held belief that it was solely men who drove cattle across the desert, dealt with the details of a family business, and worked the ranch alone while their wives watched after the children, is continuously refuted by the stories of ranchwomen in early Arizona. In actuality a ranchwoman made the cattle industry, not just her husbandâ⠂¬â„¢s business, but rather â€Å"their† business. Besides business, women were concerned with community and home-building. The organization and influence of â€Å"The Cowbelles,† has not only provided a historical record of life on Arizona ranches, it has also provided an example and inspiration to women today. The additional efforts these women put towards encouraging neighborly attitudes, becoming nurses and teachers, and simply doing what was necessary to survive all were part of laying the foundations for some of the first modern day towns of Arizona. A timeline of events reveals the gradual birth of the cattle industry in Arizona and reveals the positive and negative results for different groups of people. In 1822, Mexico gained independence from Spain which resulted in a new government. Protection by the military was largely withdrawn from what is now known as Arizona; as a result, new settlers on the land had major problems dealing with a 50 year period of Apache depredations (Accomazzo v). However, in the 1870’s many of the tribes which were troubling to the settlers were sent to reservations by the federal government (Accomazzo v). In 1872, what is known as the â€Å"second phase of cattle ranching in Arizona, that of the Americans† began (Accomazzo vi).